Carryover effect of fomesafen, applied on edible bean, on sucessional maize.

Em dois experimentos fomesafen foi aplicado em pós-emergência em culturas do feijoeiro nas doses de O; 0.125; 0.25; 0.375 e 0.5 kg/ha, em 1992 (abril e agosto) e em 1993 (março e agosto) em parcelas distintas, para avaliar os efeitos de seus resíduos no solo argiloso (Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro) na cultura do milho. O milho foi plantado em sucessão 65 e 198 dias após aplicação de fomesafen em 1992 e 65 e 2 12 dias em 1993. Resíduos de fomesafen no solo foram determinados por cromatografia líquida e foram detectados até 20 cm de profundidade, porém a maior concentração encontrada foi a 0-10 cm de profundidade. Nesta profundidade, a concentração de fomesafen variou de 21 a 24 e 55 a 60 ppb aos 2 I 2 e 65 dias após aplicação de 0,25 kg.ha-1 de fomesafen, respectivamente, enquanto que a aplicação de 0.5 kg.ha-1, apresentou concentrações de 46 a 61 e 137 a 193 ppb aos 212 e 65 dias após aplicação, respectivamente. No plantio de milho aos 65 dias após aplicação de fomesafen. resíduos do herbicida no solo reduziram o teor de clorofila na folha e volume de raiz do milho aos 10 dias após emergência. A diminuição do teor de clorofila na folha e volume de raiz, entretanto, não afetaram o rendimento de grãos

Electric properties of the baryon anti-decuplet in the SU(3) chiral quark-soliton model

We investigate the electric form factors and charge radii of the pentaquark baryons within the framework of the chiral quark-soliton model. We consider the rotational $1/N_c$ and linear $m_s$ corrections, assuming isospin symmetry and employing the symmetry-conserving quantization. The flavor-decomposed charge densities of the $\Theta^+$ are presented. The electric form factors and charge radii of the charged pentaquark baryons turn out to be very similar to those of the corresponding octet baryons. The charge radii of the neutral pentaquark baryons are obtained to be very tiny and positive. The strange electric form factor of the pentaquark proton is shown to be larger than the corresponding one of the proton by around 20%. We also present the charge radii of the baryon decuplet for comparison.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Probing ferroelectricity in highly conducting materials through their elastic response: persistence of ferroelectricity in metallic BaTiO3-d

The question whether ferroelectricity (FE) may coexist with a metallic or highly conducting state, or rather it must be suppressed by the screening from the free charges, is the focus of a rapidly increasing number of theoretical studies and is finally receiving positive experimental responses. The issue is closely related to the thermoelectric and multiferroic (also magnetic) applications of FE materials, where the electrical conductivity is required or spurious. In these circumstances, the traditional methods for probing ferroelectricity are hampered or made totally ineffective by the free charges, which screen the polar response to an external electric field. This fact may explain why more than 40 years passed between the first proposals of FE metals and the present experimental and theoretical activity. The measurement of the elastic moduli, Young's modulus in the present case, versus temperature is an effective method for studying the influence of doping on a FE transition because the elastic properties are unaffected by electrical conductivity. In this manner, it is shown that the FE transitions of BaTiO3-d are not suppressed by electron doping through O vacancies; only the onset temperatures are depressed, but the magnitudes of the softenings, and hence of the piezoelectric activity, are initially even increased

Determinação da taxa de secagem dos grãos em lavoura de sorgo e milho.

Nota prévia

Adverse Events among HIV/MDR-TB Co-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral and Second Line Anti-TB Treatment in Mumbai, India.

Significant adverse events (AE) have been reported in patients receiving medications for multidrug- and extensively-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB & XDR-TB). However, there is little prospective data on AE in MDR- or XDR-TB/HIV co-infected patients on antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in programmatic settings

Efeito da radiação ultravioleta-B sobre a germinação de conídios de Botrytis cinerea e colonização em discos de morango.

RESUMO: O ultravioleta é um fator de grande impacto na agricultura e está intimamente relacionado à camada de ozônio, a qual vem sendo reduzida paulatinamente, em consequência das atividades antrópicas. A camada de ozônio está sendo degradada, principalmente, por ação dos clorofluorcarbonos (CFC) utilizados pelo homem alterando assim a intensidade de radiação ultravioleta na superfície terrestre em especial no comprimento de onda da radiação ultravioleta B (UV-B). O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de conídios de Botrytis cinerea à radiação UV-B. Foram testados 13 isolados do patógeno, onde uma suspensão contendo 105 conídios mL-1 de cada isolado foi preparada e uma alíquota de 20 ?L foi colocada no centro de uma placa de Petri contendo BDA. Os conídios foram expostos à radiação UV-B 5,6 kJ m-2 a uma irradiância de 823 mW m-2. Também foi avaliada a esporulação de B. cinerea em discos de folha de morangueiro em meio de cultura paraquat-clorofenicolágar (PCA). Os isolados apresentaram germinação relativa entre 15% e 90%, sendo que os isolados com maior resistência à radiação UV-B foram o LQC 162, LQC 150 e LQC 159. No teste da esporulação foi observado maior diferenças entre os isolados quanto a formação de conidióforos do patógeno sendo os isolados LQC 150 e LQC 157 superiores aos outros isolados. Foi selecionado o isolado LQC 150 para ensaios posteriores onde será comparada a tolerância desse isolado com isolados de agentes de controle biológico deste patógeno quanto a tolerância a radiação UV-B

Climatology of easterly wave disturbances over the tropical South Atlantic

A 21-yr climatology of Easterly Waves Disturbances (EWDs) over the Tropical South Atlantic (TSA) has been examined using data from the European Centers for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERAI) and satellite data. This includes the frequency distribution of EWDs and their interannual variability. The large-scale environment associated with EWDs has been investigated for the coastal region of Northeast Brazil (NEB) for the rainy (April-August) season using a composite analysis. To better understand the life cycle of EWDs, an automated tracking scheme has been used to track vorticity centers associated with the EWDs in the ERAI data. EWDs were first identified in ERAI, resulting in 518 observed cases. These were found to show notable interannual variability with around 16-40 episodes by year and with average lifetime of 4-6 days. Of the identified EWDs, 97% reached the coast of NEB, of which 64% were convective in nature and 14% moved across the NEB region and reached the Amazon. The annual occurrence of EWDs seems to be lower (higher) during El Niño (La Niña). The monthly occurrence of EWDs shows higher activity in the rainy season. EWDs originate in association with five types of system: cold fronts, convective clusters from the west coast of Africa, Intertropical Convergence Zone and Tropical Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortices. The composite analysis presents strong relative vorticity (RV) and divergence anomalies at low levels, as well as in the vertical profiles of relative humidity and vertical velocity (omega). The precipitation composites show that the EWDs propagate between the TSA and NEB and contribute at least 60% of the total rainfall over the east coast of NEB throughout the rainy season

A coalgebraic treatment of conditional transition systems with upgrades

We consider conditional transition systems, that model software product lines with upgrades, in a coalgebraic setting. By using Birkhoff's duality for distributive lattices, we derive two equivalent Kleisli categories in which these coalgebras live: Kleisli categories based on the reader and on the so-called lattice monad over Poset. We study two different functors describing the branching type of the coalgebra and investigate the resulting behavioural equivalence. Furthermore we show how an existing algorithm for coalgebra minimisation can be instantiated to derive behavioural equivalences in this setting